Citric acid monohydrate, which also goes by the name E330, is essentially a weak acid. It is used in the food industry for pH level stabilization, acidity regulation, and as an antioxidant. It is also used in pharmaceutical and dietary supplements and as a cleaning agent.
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Citric acid monohydrate is an organic compound from the hydroxycarboxylic acids group. It is manufactured commercially by starch hydrolyzate using mold cultures. Naturally organic citric acid is found in many fruits, particularly lemons, limes, and oranges. It is what gives lemon juice and citrus fruits in general their tart, acidic taste. Citrate acid monohydrate has been produced and used in different industries for many years. Its production volume is still rising as well as the demand.
Currently, the global production of citric acid is estimated to be more than two million tons yearly. The food industry covers about 70% of the manufactured version of citric acid1, pharmaceutical, and dietary supplements use 20%, and the remaining 10% goes into cleaning agents with usage such as metal finishing, cleaning, and descaling equipment. An interesting fact is that more than 50% of the companies that produce citric acid are located in China.
Citric acid is a common food additive. It is a weak acid that is usually added in small amounts and does not have a significant impact on the flavor of the final product. However, powdered citric acid can have a strong scent, so it should be added carefully to avoid overpowering other flavors. Citric acid is used in baked goods, jams, canned fruits and vegetables, sodas, juices, powdered beverages, candies, frozen foods, dairy products, soft drinks, and other processed foods.
Citric acid helps preserve the color, flavor, and texture of foods. It extends shelf life and prevents the growth of bacteria in canned fruits and vegetables, e.g. toxic-producing Clostridium botulinum bacterium that causes a rare, but serious, illness of botulism. Citric acid is also used to prevent bacteria growth in dairy products.
